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Tetrodotoxin (citrate free)

(HB1034)
Technical documents: SDS CoA Datasheet

Product overview

Name Tetrodotoxin (citrate free)
Alternative names TTX
Purity >99%
Special requirements As this product is a toxin, customers are required to complete a short end user declaration when ordering. Our customer care team will be happy to help you with this.
Customer comments

Just washed the Tetrodotoxin (TTX) on and it works as expected (it inhibits the fibre volley at 1 μM).Verified customer, The University of Bristol

Tetrodotoxin (citrate free) is a wonderful product. Very efficient and very effective in blocking sodium channels.Verified customer, Drexel University College of Medicine

Description Potent, selective, use-dependent Na+ channel blocker. Citrate free.
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Images

Figure 1. TTX mediated inhibition of action potential firing upon post synaptic current injection in cortical neuron

Tetrodotoxin is commonly used in electrophysiology to block excitability by inhibiting action potential firing within neurons. It is commonly applied at concentrations of 1 µM. Tetrodotoxin from Hello Bio works as expected and blocks action potential firing. For assay protocol, see #Protocol 1 in Application Notes below.

Figure 2. TTX mediated inhibition of electrically evoked EPSP and action potential within cortical neuron

Tetrodotoxin is commonly used in electrophysiology to block excitability by inhibiting action potential firing within neurons. It is commonly applied at concentrations of 1 µM. Tetrodotoxin from Hello Bio works as expected and blocks action potential firing For assay protocol, see #Protocol 2 in Application Notes below.
Tetrodotoxin (citrate free): Scientist Approved

Biological Data

Biological description

Potent, selective and reversible, voltage dependent Na+ channel blocker. Use dependent. Commonly used in electrophysiological preparations to block or reduce excitability. Water soluble, Tetrodotoxin citrate also available.

Application notes

Tetrodotoxin is commonly used in electrophysiology to block excitability by inhibiting action potential firing within neurons. It is commonly applied at concentrations of 1 μM. Tetrodotoxin from Hello Bio works as expected and blocks action potential firing (see Fig 1 and 2 above).

 

 #Protocol 1: Effect of TTX citrate on action potentials in mouse cortical neurons

  • Whole cell voltage clamp recordings were obtained from layer V pyramidal neurons of the mouse prelimbic cortex brain slice.
  • Neurons were held at the resting membrane potential (~ -70 mV) and injected with a 500 pA 300 ms current step to induce action potential firing.
  • TTX was bath applied for 10 min first at 100 nM then 300 nM, 1 μM and 2 μM. After each drug application a current step was recorded to assess action potential blockade.

 

#Protocol 2: Effect of TTX citrate on EPSPs and action potential firing in mouse cortical neurons

  • Whole cell voltage clamp recordings were obtained from layer V pyramidal neurons of the mouse prelimbic cortex brain slice.
  • Neurons were held at the resting membrane potential (~ -70 mV) and EPSP were evoked by placing a stimulating electrode close to the recorded the neuron in layer II/III.
  • EPSPs and action potentials were evoked by single square (150 μs) pulse every 10 sec with an intensity that produced both an EPSP and action potential.
  • TTX was bath applied for 10 min first at 100 nM then 300 nM, 1 μM and 2 μM whist continually evoking and recording EPSP/A.Ps.

Solubility & Handling

Storage instructions -20°C (desiccate)
Solubility overview Soluble in acidic buffer (pH 4.8) to 3mM
Handling

This product is soluble to 3mM in an acidic buffer (pH 4.8), e.g. a 0.1M citrate or acetate buffer. Therefore, you can make a buffer solution by dissolving either sodium citrate or sodium acetate in water to a final concentration of 0.1M. You can then adjust the pH via the addition of citric acid, acetic acid or sodium hydroxide to pH 4.8.

Important This product is for RESEARCH USE ONLY and is not intended for therapeutic or diagnostic use. Not for human or veterinary use.

Calculators

Molarity

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Dilution

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Chemical Data

Purity >99%
Chemical name Octahydro-12-(hydroxymethyl)-2-imin o-5,9:7,10a-dimethano-10aH-[1,3]dioxocino[6,5-d]py rimidine-4,7,10,11,12-pentol
Molecular Weight 319.27
Chemical structure Tetrodotoxin (TTX)  [4368-28-9] Chemical Structure
Molecular Formula C11H17N3O8
CAS Number 4368-28-9
PubChem identifier 4490623
SMILES C(C1(C2C3C(N=C(NC34C(C1OC(C4O)(O2)O)O)N)O)O)O
Source Extracted from fugu
InChi InChI=1S/C11H17N3O8/c12-8-13-6(17)2-4-9(19,1-15)5-3(16)10(2,14-8)7(18)11(20,21-4)22-5/h2-7,15-20H,1H2,(H3,12,13,14)
InChiKey CFMYXEVWODSLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N

References for Tetrodotoxin (citrate free)

References are publications that support the biological activity of the product
  • Tetrodotoxin: chemistry, toxicity, source, distribution and detection.

    Bane V et al (2014) Toxins (Basel) 6(2) : 693-755.
  • Antagonistic effects of tetrodotoxin on aconitine-induced cardiac toxicity.

    Ono T et al (2013) J Nippon Med Sch 80(5) : 350-61.
  • Tetrodotoxin for moderate to severe cancer pain: a randomized, double blind, parallel design multicenter study.

    Hagen NA et al (2008) J Pain Symptom Manage 35(4) : 420-9.
  • The protective action of tetrodotoxin and (+/-)-kavain on anaerobic glycolysis, ATP content and intracellular Na+ and Ca2+ of anoxic brain vesicles.

    Gleitz J et al (1996) Neuropharmacology 35(12) : 1743-52.

4 Item(s)

Publications
These publications cite the use of Tetrodotoxin (citrate free) purchased from Hello Bio:
  • Serotonin sensing by microglia conditions the proper development of neuronal circuits and of social and adaptive skills

    Roumier et al (2022) Biorxiv : https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.03.09.483609
  • A cellular approach to understanding and treating Gulf War Illness

    Yates PL et al (2021) Cell Mol Life Sci 78(21-22) : 6941-6961
    PubMedID: 34580742
  • Molecular and Circuit Architecture of Social Hierarchy

    Nelson et al. (2019) bioRxiv preprint : 1-89
  • PSD-95 deficiency disrupts PFC-associated function and behavior during neurodevelopment

    Coley AA et al (2019) Sci Rep. 9(1) : 9486
    PubMedID: 31263190

4 Item(s)